[Surgical repair of distal femoral fracture in a wild gray wolf [Canis lupus]]

A 3-year-old wild gray wolf was referred to the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences of Shiraz University with a history of car accident. The radiographic examination showed supracondylar distal femoral fracture in right leg. The wolf was pre-medicated by acepromazine followed by induction of anesthesia using a combination of diazepam and ketamine. Anesthesia was maintained by halothane. The fracture was reduced, the first pin was bent based on anatomical curvature of the femoral shaft and inserted from lateral epicondyle and drove proximally. The second one was inserted from medial epicondyle as a cross pin. For further stabilization, a bone plate was contoured to curve from the shaft onto the condyle and applied on lateral surface of the distal femur. The joint capsule and incision site was closed. Postoperative radiograph showed good pin placement and bone reduction. Cage rest and restricted activity was accomplished for 8 weeks. Postoperative follow up revealed no complication and the wolf was allowed to return to its domain area of wilderness four months after surgery. In conclusion, using a combination of different fixation techniques can result in successful fracture repair in wild animals

Anesthetic management of diaphragmatic hernia repair in a dog: a case report and literature review of anesthetic techniques

This case report describes the anesthetic management and ventilation technique in the surgical treatment of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in a dog. A 5-month-old 8-kg female terrier with a history of car accident was presented for femoral fracture repair. Before anesthetic induction, marked tachypnea and dyspnea were noted. Diaphragmatic hernia was diagnosed based upon radiographic and ultrasonographic findings

Exploratory laparotomy revealed diaphragmatic rupture and herniation of spleen, omentum, parts of liver lobes and stomach into the thoracic cavity. The importance of thorough physical examination and patient assessment, anesthetic management and monitoring, provision of adequate ventilation and oxygenation during surgery using standard ventilation equipment are discussed?

Comparison of the effects of different doses of acepromazine-xylazine on the electrocardiogram in dogs

Seventy seven adult large mixed breed dogs of either sex were included in this study. The animals were randomly divided into four groups and received the following drug combinations intramuscularly: Group 1 xylazine [0.5 mg/kg] and acepromazine [0.05 mg/kg], Group 2 xylazine [0.8 mg/kg] and acepromazine [0.03 mg/kg], Group 3 xylazine [0.3 mg/kg] and acepromazine [0.08 mg/kg] and Group 4 xylazine [0.5 mg/kg] acepromazine [0.05 mg/kg] and atropine [0.04 mg/kg]. Results showed no significant differences in the P-wave and QRS complex durations, PR interval and R waves among the 4 groups. QT interval significantly decreased following drug administration in group 4 compared to groups 1 [P = 0.03] and 3 [P = 0.004]. There were significant increases in the QT interval in groups 1 [P = 0.001] and 3 [P = 0.01] after drug injections. Heart rate [HR] significantly decreased in groups 1, 2 and 3 after drug injections [P = 0.004, 0.01 and 0.03, respectively]. There was a significant negative correlation between HR, PR and QT intervals, and a positive correlation between HR and P-wave amplitude. There were no significant differences between all groups in the incidence of first and second degree AV blocks

Evaluation of several drug combinations for intraperitoneal anaesthesia in adult male rats

The objective of this study was to evaluate several drug combinations for intraperitoneal anaesthesia in laboratory rats. Following dose determination of anaesthetics in a pilot study, 45 healthy adult male rats were randomly assigned in 9 treatment groups and received propofol [alone or in combination with xylazine, midazolam, or ketamine] or ketamine [in combination with xylazine, midazolam, acepromazine, acepromazine-xylazine, or midazolam-xylazine]. Heart and respiratory rate, induction and total sleep times, duration of surgical anaesthesia and walking time were measured. Complete immobility and loss of righting reflex were observed within 12 min in all groups. Induction of anaesthesia was significantly longer following XP compared to other groups. Surgical anaesthesia was induced in all rats receiving XK, AXK and MXK, while propofol alone, MK and KP were associated with surgical anaesthesia in 2, 3 and 4 rats, respectively. Other combinations did not produce surgical anaesthesia. Duration of surgical anaesthesia was longest with MXK and shortest with MK, In conclusion, the most effective drug combinations, which result in longer duration of surgical anaesthesia, were AXK and MXK. Although the degree of analgesia produced by IP propofol is sufficient for restraint and non-painful procedures, the combination of ketamine-propofol can produce surgical anaesthesia in the rat